NGSS · Middle School (6–8)

MS-ESS2-1 Model the cycling of Earth's materials and the energy that drives it

Develop a model to describe the cycling of Earth's materials and the flow of energy that drives this process.

Clarification statement: Emphasis is on the processes of melting, crystallization, weathering, deformation, and sedimentation, which act together to form minerals and rocks through the cycling of Earth's materials.

Assessment boundary: Assessment does not include the identification and naming of minerals.

Why water teaches this standard well

Water is the workhorse of the rock cycle this standard models: it weathers rock, carries sediment, and deposits it downstream. Studying how rivers move and sort earth materials connects the rock cycle to the sediment that treatment plants must remove and the reservoirs that slowly fill with silt.

Materials tagged with this code are written to the full standard , including its clarification statement and assessment boundary, and each carries a written note explaining the alignment. See how we review materials.

1 material aligned to MS-ESS2-1

Labs & experiments