Grade 6 Lesson plan
Harnbeck's Lead Service Lines: Which Blocks Go First?
A grade 6 civics lesson where students find the percent of lead service lines in four neighborhoods and rank them for a town's replacement budget.
C3 Framework · Grades 6–8
D2.Civ.13.6-8 Purposes and consequences of public policies
Analyze the purposes, implementation, and consequences of public policies in multiple settings.
Why water teaches this standard well
The Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act are model cases for analyzing a policy's purpose, its implementation by federal, state, and utility actors, and its consequences for rivers and taps. Local watering restrictions and lead service line replacement programs bring the same analysis down to the neighborhood scale.
Materials tagged with this code are written to the full standard , and each carries a written note explaining the alignment. See how we review materials.
47 materials aligned to D2.Civ.13.6-8
Lesson plans
Grade 7 Lesson plan
Farriday's Boil-Water Notice: Who Gets Told First
A grade 7 civics lesson in which students study how a fictional water department must notify customers under a boil-water notice, then compute the percentages and costs.
Grade 8 Lesson plan
Extending Water Mains to Carrick Row: A Halverford Hearing
A grade 8 civics lesson on a city water-service extension policy, in which students solve a system of equations to compare two ways of paying for the pipe.
Grade 7 Lesson plan
Thornwell PFAS Poster: A Right-to-Know Design Lesson
A grade 7 art lesson where students design a clear public poster that explains the new PFAS drinking-water limit for a fictional town's residents.
Grade 6 Lesson plan
Dorsett's Drought Stages: Writing a Town Water Rule
A 50-minute grade 6 civics lesson where small groups draft a three-stage drought ordinance for a fictional town, then role-play a council debate and vote to adopt it.
Grade 6 Lesson plan
Who Gets the Water Under Felbrigg County?
A 50-minute grade 6 civics lesson in which students compare two groundwater rules and apply each one to a well dispute between a farm and a town.
Grade 7 Lesson plan
Harwick's Stormwater Fee: A City Council Decision Lesson
A grade 7 civics lesson where students calculate a fictional city's stormwater fee based on paved area and weigh who should pay to manage runoff.
Grade 8 Lesson plan
PFAS in Deerhurst's Wells: A Grade 8 Local Government Lesson
A grade 8 civics lesson where students role-play a town council deciding how to respond after PFAS is found in the wells, weighing a federal rule still in motion.
Grade 6 Lesson plan
Wexbridge's Rate Hearing: A Mock Water Board Role-Play
A grade 6 civics lesson in which students role-play residents, a business owner, and a water board at a fictional town's public hearing on a proposed rate increase.
Grade 7 Lesson plan
Regulating Runoff on Blackberry Fork: A Nutrient Policy Lesson
A grade 7 lesson using a fictional watershed council to weigh a farm buffer-strip policy against its effect on nutrient runoff, dissolved oxygen, and different groups.
Worksheets
Grade 6 Worksheet
Norwood Vale's Well Test Letter: Reading the Results
A grade 6 document-analysis worksheet on a county letter reporting private well test results, covering what each result means and why private wells are the owner's job.
Grade 7 Worksheet
Pellingham's Water Bond Vote: A Turnout and Percent Worksheet
A grade 7 worksheet on a fictional town's ballot measure to rebuild its filter plant, using percent to compare turnout, precinct results, and the cost per account.
Grade 8 Worksheet
Paying for Fire Protection in Cobbleridge: Flat Charge or Levy
A grade 8 worksheet comparing two ways a town can pay for hydrants and fire flow: a flat charge on every water account or a levy based on assessed property value.
Grade 8 Worksheet
Vellum Springs Drought Stages: Reading a Shortage Plan
A grade 8 worksheet in which students read a town's four-stage drought plan, model falling reservoir storage with a linear equation, and predict when each stage begins.
Grade 6 Worksheet
Brindle Creek Sampling Technician: Reading Test Results
A grade 6 careers worksheet where students act as a water sampling technician, comparing turbidity, lead, and PFAS readings to real water limits and finding percents.
Grade 6 Worksheet
Reading Thornby's Yearly Water Quality Report
A grade 6 civics worksheet where students read a fictional town's annual water quality report, compare test results to legal limits, and find one result as a percent.
Grade 7 Worksheet
Testing 250 Taps in the Kestermere Schools
A grade 7 worksheet on a fictional district's lead testing results, using percent shares and filter costs to help a school board set its priorities.
Grade 7 Worksheet
Is One Tap Enough? Sampling Rowan Springs' Water Supply
A grade 7 worksheet on representative sampling and federal testing rules, using a fictional city's lead and turbidity monitoring program and real EPA thresholds.
Grade 8 Worksheet
Prioritizing Lead Service Line Replacement in Cassidy Heights
A grade 8 worksheet where students use a weighted scoring formula and a fixed budget to decide which of four fictional neighborhoods gets lead pipe replacement first.
Classroom activities
Grade 8 Classroom activity
Climbing the Operator License Ladder: A Certification Pathway Game
A grade 8 board game in which students climb from a Class I to a Class IV operator license by earning experience and passing exams, then weigh the policy.
Grade 8 Classroom activity
Replacing Brightwater's Lead Lines: A Storyboard Studio
A grade 8 art activity where teams storyboard how a town replaces its lead service lines, showing a public policy step by step as sequential art.
Grade 6 Classroom activity
The Callout Board: Who Answers Holdridge's Water Problems?
A 45-minute grade 6 station rotation in which teams match four utility emergencies to the staff roles that handle them and chart the education paths into each job.
Grade 7 Classroom activity
Who Decides About Ivycombe's Wells? A Card Sort
A grade 7 card sort in which groups assign 18 actions on a fictional town's contaminated wells to the federal, state, county, town, and household level.
Reading passages
Grade 8 Reading passage
Ashgrove's Stormwater Fee: Paying for the Rain That Runs Off
A grade 8 civics passage on how one city used a stormwater fee and green infrastructure to cut sewer overflows, with questions on policy and fairness.
Grade 6 Reading passage
Brimley's Wells and the New PFAS Rule
A grade 6 civics passage pairing a fictional town's PFAS discovery with the national PFAS rule to show the roles of citizens, the utility, the state, and the EPA.
Grade 7 Reading passage
The Ridgeline Dam and Kestrel Valley: Gains and Losses
A grade 7 social studies passage on a fictional dam that brought power and flood control to a region while flooding a valley and moving a town.
Grade 6 Reading passage
A Morning at Rockford Junction: Becoming a Water Operator
A grade 6 passage following a fictional apprentice operator through a shift, using real median pay, licensing, and workforce figures for the career.
Grade 7 Reading passage
Elm Harbor's Lead Pipe Inventory: A Federal Rule Reaches Home
A grade 7 informational passage following a fictional city's lead service line inventory, tracing how a federal drinking-water rule becomes a local public works project.
Writing prompts
Grade 8 Writing prompt
Halverston's Lake Trembark: Sewer Main or Septic Systems?
A grade 8 argument prompt on whether a lakeside town should charge lakefront owners a sewer assessment or leave them on septic systems, with exemplar and rubric.
Grade 7 Writing prompt
Should Yewbridge Limit Lawn Fertilizer?
A grade 7 argument prompt on a fictional town's proposed ban on phosphorus lawn fertilizer, with background on algae, storm drains, and enforcement.
Grade 8 Writing prompt
Mandatory Watering Limits in Cordell: A Grade 8 Argument Prompt
A grade 8 argument prompt on whether a drought-stricken town should require watering limits or rely on voluntary conservation, with an exemplar and rubric.
Debate kits
Grade 6 Debate kit
Selwick's New Meters: A Debate on Retraining Workers
A grade 6 debate kit on whether a water department should retrain its meter readers as leak technicians, with two-sided evidence and a town meeting format.
Grade 6 Debate kit
Should Claybourne Sell Its Water System to a Company?
A grade 6 debate kit on whether a town should sell its water utility to a private company, with a two-sided evidence file, roles, a council vote, and a rubric.
Grade 7 Debate kit
Should Gallowmere County Ban New Septic Systems?
A grade 7 debate kit on whether a fictional county should require new homes over a shallow aquifer to connect to the sewer instead of using septic systems.
Grade 8 Debate kit
Should Fernvale County Require Farms to Limit Fertilizer Runoff?
A grade 8 debate kit weighing mandatory farm runoff limits against voluntary conservation, using real water-quality benchmarks and two-sided fictional evidence.
Grade 6 Debate kit
Should Brookhaven Raise Water Rates to Replace Aging Water Mains?
A grade 6 debate kit on a fictional city raising water rates to replace aging cast-iron mains, with two-sided evidence on infrastructure need and household affordability.
Projects
Grade 7 Project
Drafting Drayfield's Four-Stage Drought Ordinance
A five-session grade 7 project in which teams draft a fictional town's drought ordinance, test it against nine cases, and amend it after a public hearing.
Quizzes & test questions
Grade 6 Quiz & test questions
Dunnholt Backflow Tester: A Water Careers Quiz
A grade 6 careers quiz on the cross-connection control specialist's job, mixing multiple choice, short answer, and percent and unit-rate computation.
Grade 6 Quiz & test questions
Pallant Springs Water Department: A Grade 6 Civics Quiz
A 21-point grade 6 quiz on who runs and regulates a town water system, mixing multiple choice, short answer, and percent and unit-rate computation.
Grade 7 Quiz & test questions
Cattail Creek Pollution and Policy: A Grade 7 Quiz
A grade 7 quiz on point and nonpoint water pollution in a fictional watershed, mixing multiple-choice, short-answer, and percent items with a policy question.
Grade 8 Quiz & test questions
Ostrander Water Governance and Rates: A Grade 8 Quiz
A grade 8 civics and economics quiz mixing multiple choice, short answer, and percent computation on how a town governs its water utility and sets rates.
Graphic organizers
Grade 6 Graphic organizer
Ingleforth's Two Plants: Comparing Two Operator Jobs
A grade 6 careers organizer comparing a drinking water operator and a wastewater operator on sources, daily tests, licenses, and who is harmed by a mistake.
Grade 7 Graphic organizer
Stop or Keep Going? Decisions on a Bramthorne Pipe Crew
A grade 7 careers organizer mapping five judgment calls a fictional lead service line crew faces in one day, with the rule, the decider, and the next step.
Grade 7 Graphic organizer
From Tap to State Report: Tulloch Creek's Sample Chain
A grade 7 careers organizer tracing a drinking water sample through six steps and the job behind each at a fictional utility, with an exemplar and a sampling question.
Grade 7 Graphic organizer
Upstream, Here, Downstream on the Fallowick River
A grade 7 graphic organizer tracing six activities along a fictional river to what each does to the water there and what the next place downstream notices.
Career spotlights
Grade 6 Career spotlight
Mapping Stannington's Lead Service Lines: A GIS Analyst Profile
A grade 6 career spotlight on a utility GIS analyst who builds a lead service line inventory, with the education path and percent-of-inventory questions.
Grade 6 Career spotlight
Testing Every Sample: A Water Quality Lab Analyst Profile
A grade 6 career profile of a water utility laboratory analyst who tests drinking-water samples for turbidity, chlorine, and lead and reports the results.